- Obd1 Code Reader Toyota
- Toyota Obd1 Connector
- Serial Interface Definition
- Toyota Obd1 Serial Interface Boards
Introduction
Obd1 Code Reader Toyota
Have you ever had an infamous 'check engine light'? Did you wish you could just check the error code yourself and not deal with going to a mechanic? With the OBD-II UART, your wishing can become a reality. The OBD-II UART allows you to connect your car to a computer, embedded microcontrollers, or single board computers such as the Raspberry Pi or Beaglebone Black.
Toyota Obd1 Connector
SparkFun OBD-II UART
WIG-09555The 8192 baud interface is more complex, faster, allows for more control of diagnostic data, and more diagnostic data to be retrieved from the ECU. The 8192 baud interface only uses one wire like the 160 baud interface but uses an asynchronous serial communication method and allows for two way communications over a single data line.
Pinout of Toyota/Lexus OBD II diagnostic interface connectorused in most models after 1998. Simple serial cable OBD-2 J1850 PWM, J1850 VPW serial ELM327 cable. > Reading OBD(1) data from Toyota. I have a MCP220 USB to Serial break-board that I checked that there s/w recognise. Optionally you could build an interface. Cable comes with 3' serial port. 1pc x Toyota 22pin to 16pin OBD1 to OBD2 Cable. OBD serial RS232 KL diagnostic interface Webasto (Thermo Test). Versandkosten OBD/OBD2 diagnosis interface with. 150 cm long grey cable with RS232 Com. OBD--2 (14230-4, KWP2000) simple serial cable OBD-2 J1850 PWM. Cable comes with 3' serial port. 1pc x Toyota 22pin to 16pin OBD1 to OBD2 Cable. OBD serial RS232 KL diagnostic interface Webasto (Thermo Test). Versandkosten OBD/OBD2 diagnosis interface with. 150 cm long grey cable with RS232 Com. OBD--2 (14230-4, KWP2000) simple serial cable OBD-2 J1850 PWM. Avoid an expensive trip to the Toyota Dealer for repair. WRTRST50 Toyota TPMS Loop Reset Tool Features and Benefits: Resets TPMS warning light when stuck in loop Plugs into OBD II connection and hold button Accurate and fast! No pin jumping required with the WRTRST50 Works for all Toyota (up to 2009) except Land Cruiser. Packing-obd2 interface.
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SparkFun Car Diagnostics Kit
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This guide will show you:
- What hardware is included on the OBD-II UART
- The basics of OBD-II commands
- How to hook this up over FTDI directly with your computer
- How to hook this up to an Arduino and display information to an LCD
Required Materials
To follow along with the tutorial, you will need the following parts.
Required Tools
- A laptop
Suggested Reading
This tutorial does expect the user to have experience with basic electronics and serial communication. If you are unfamiliar with these concepts or need a refresher, check out these other tutorials.
How to Solder: Through-Hole Soldering
This tutorial covers everything you need to know about through-hole soldering.
Serial Communication
Asynchronous serial communication concepts: packets, signal levels, baud rates, UARTs and more!
Working with Wire
How to strip, crimp, and work with wire.
What is an Arduino?
What is this 'Arduino' thing anyway?
Hexadecimal
How to interpret hex numbers, and how to convert them to/from decimal and binary.
Getting Started with OBD-II
A general guide to the OBD-II protocols used for communication in automotive and industrial applications.
Board Overview
On-Board Diagnostics, Second Generation (OBD-II) is a set of standards for implementing a computer based system to control emissions from vehicles. It was first introduced in the United States in 1994, and became a requirement on all 1996 and newer US vehicles. Other countries, including Canada, parts of the European Union, Japan, Australia, and Brazil adopted similar legislation. A large portion of the modern vehicle fleet supports OBD-II or one of its regional flavors.
Among other things, OBD-II requires that each compliant vehicle be equipped with a standard diagnostic connector (DLC) and describes a standard way of communicating with the vehicle’s computer, also known as the ECU (Electronic Control Unit). A wealth of information can be obtained by tapping into the OBD bus, including the status of the malfunction indicator light (MIL), diagnostic trouble codes (DTCs), inspection and maintenance (I/M) information, freeze frames, VIN, hundreds of real-time parameters, and more. You can read more about the OBD-II protocol here.
STN1110 is an OBD to UART interpreter that can be used to convert messages between any of the OBD-II protocols currently in use, and UART. It is fully compatible with the de facto industry standard ELM327 command set. Based on a 16-bit processor core, the STN1110 offers more features and better performance than any other ELM327 compatible IC. ScanTool has some great resources for the STN1110 available on their website, including:
Board Schematic
The OBD-II UART board has both the STN1110 and the MCP2551 chips populated on it, allowing the user to access both CAN and OBD-II protocols. The schematic can be viewed/downloaded here.
The STN1110 is the main controller chip on the board. This communicates with the CAN, ISO and J1850 transceivers. Voltage on the board is regulated to both 5V and 3.3V for all of the components to function properly. The board is powered from the DB9 connector.
Board Pin Out
There are two different connection points on the board. The first, on the outside edge of the board, is a 6-pin connector that is compatible with an FTDI board. However, only the TX, RX and GND pins are connected on this header, to allow for UART communication.
There is a second 8-pin header close to the DB9 connector. This allows the user to tap into the VBAT line, the CAN bus, the LINE bus and the J1858 bus, along with the common ground pin.
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Now that we now about the board itself, let's move on to hooking it up!
First Communcation
Soldering Headers
To create a solid electrical connection with any other components (such as an Arduino or an FTDI Basic), you need to solder headers to the board. For use with the FTDI Basic, it is easiest to solder male headers into the 6-pin header row at the edge of the board. Once you have this done, your board should look similar to this.
OBD-II Board with Right-Angle Male Headers soldered onto it.
Connecting to a Vehicle OBD Port
You will need to connect the OBD-II board to the OBD port on your vehicle. Depending on the make and model of your car, the port location may vary. Consult your owner's maunal if you cannot locate the port.
Once you have located your OBD port, you will need to hook up the OBD-to-DB9 cable to the vehicle's port.
The mating end of the cable tends to be a very tight fit and require a bit of force to get it sitting securely, so it's usually easier to start hooking everything together between the car and the cable. Once you get the car and the cable connected, then connect the DB9 end of the cable to the OBD-II board.
Connecting over a Serial Port
Once you have your headers attached to your board, and you've connected to your vehicle using the OBD-DB9 cable, you can start communicating withe OBD-II board over through a serial port using an FTDI Basic breakout board. The FTDI pinout matches with the 6 pin header on the OBD-II board, but only connects TX, RX and GND. Connect the FTDI board to the computer via a mini-USB cable, and open up a serial terminal on your computer. Configure the serial connection to 9600 bps, 8 data bits, 1 stop bit and no parity.
Once you have your serial terminal set up, you will communicate with the OBD-II board by using AT commands. These commands always start with 'AT'. The OBD-II board is case-insensitive, so don't stress about only using capital letters. After sending 'AT', the next letters sent to the board will be the commands that should be executed by the board. You can find a list of all of the available AT commands here.
To start communicating with the board, type 'ATZ' into your terminal window and hit 'enter'. This will send the command to reset the board. You should see some LEDs flash on your board and then see the start-up prompt in the terminal window.
If you receive back any garbled characters, double check that you have the correct serial port settings in your terminal.
Once you have proper communcation with your board set up, try reading the OBD-II UART system voltage. Type 'ATRV' into the terminal window and hit enter. The board should then return the system voltage to you.
This voltage reading should match your vehicle's battery voltage.
To read additional OBD parapters for the vehicle, the OBD-II board must first be configured to the correct OBD protocol. There are several different OBD protocols, so it can be confusing attempting to find the correct one. However, like all things awesome, this OBD-II board automatically detects the protocol. To use this auto-detect feature, the vehicle's ignition must be in the 'On' position. The vehicle doesn't necessarily need to be running however. Once the ignition is on, send the command 'ATSP0' (that's a trailing zero). The board will then reply with 'OK' once the proper protocol has been detected.
Once you have the proper protocol detected on your board, you can start sending OBD commands to the board.
OBD Commands
OBD Commands
The OBD commands are made up of hexadecimal codes written in ASCII characters. Generally, these commands contain 2 or more pairs of hexadecimal numbers, however there are a few commands that only require one hex pair.
The first hex pair in the OBD command represents the OBD mode which should be used. Any following hex pairs after that represent the Parameter ID (PID) to be read from the specified mode. There are 10 OBD modes, but keep in mind that not all vehicles will use all 10 modes. You will want to check your particular vehicle's protocols to see what OBD modes and parameter IDs are supported.
Mode Number | Mode Description |
01 | Current Data |
02 | Freeze Frame Data |
03 | Diagnostic Trouble Codes |
04 | Clear Trouble Code |
05 | Test Results/Oxygen Sensors |
06 | Test Results/Non-Continuous Testing |
07 | Show Pending Trouble Codes |
08 | Special Control Mode |
09 | Request Vehicle Information |
0A | Request Permanent Trouble Codes |
You can read up more on the OBD PIDs functionality on Wikipedia. Some vehicle manufacturers also use their own proprietary parameters, so keep in mind that these may not be a comprehensive list for your car. Again, the ELM327 AT Commands datasheet is another good resource to check out.
Possibly the most important PID is 00. This works on any vehicle that supports OBD and gives a list of other PIDs which the car supports. In your terminal window (you do still have that open, right?!), type '0100' and hit 'enter'. This command translates to 'In mode 01, what PIDs are supported?'
There is a general structure that all OBD responses have in common. The first response byte (in this case 0x41) lists the mode that was requested in the command. Thus the board sends 0x40 + 0x01. The second byte is the parameter that was requested, so in our case, 0x00. Any following bytes are the responses to the command. In this case, the bytes 0xBF, 0x9F, 0xA8 and 0x93 are the PIDs that are supported by the vehicle.
One other commonly supported parameter is the 'Read Engine RPM'. Issue command '010C' and press enter. Keep in mind that the board will respond with a value listed in hex.
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The response structure is the same as before. 0x41 to state the board is in mode 01, followed by 0x0C to show that the board is looking at the RPM parameter. The returned value of 0x0E 0x96 can then be converted into a decimal value of 3734. This is actually 4 times the actual RPM, as this value is listed in quarters of RPM. Once the value is divided by 4, we have an idiling RPM of 933.
Check out the datasheet for the ELM327 for more PIDs to try out. Now let's look at hooking the OBD-II board up to an Arduino.
Connecting to an Arduino
Serial Interface Definition
Connecting to an Arduino
Besides connecting directly to your computer with the OBD-II board, you can also run the data through an Arduino board and display the information on an LCD for embedding a project. For this section, you will need an Arduino Uno (or another 5V Arduino board), jumper wires, and a serial LCD.
You will only need to make 6 connections between all 3 devices to get this set up. Use the diagram and the chart below to properly wire everything.
Arduino Pin | Serial LCD Pin | OBD-II-UART Pin |
GND | GND | GND |
5V | 5V | None |
D3 | Rx | None |
D0(Rx) | None | Tx-O |
D1(Tx) | None | Rx-I |
You will want to download the sketch file here, or you can find the most up to date version of the code on GitHub. Keep in mind when you upload this to your board, you will want to disconnect the OBD-II board RX line from the Arduino TX-0, to prevent issues during code upload, such as bricking the OBD-II board.
Another thing to note about this set up is that the Arduino is not powered off of the OBD-II board. Therefore, you will need to either use USB power from your laptop to power the Arduino, or use a battery supply suck as a 9V battery and 9V barrel jack adapter.
Understanding the Sketch
This example sketch is very simple. The Arduino simply communicates with the OBD-II board and then sends the information received to the LCD screen. You will need to include the SoftwareSerial library in order to communicate with the LCD screen. Set the LCD TX/RX lines to pins 2 and 3 on the Arduino, and initialize the rest of your variables.
In the set up loop, the serial port for the LCD as well as the serial port for talking to the OBD-II board are both initialized at 9600 bps. The screen is then cleared, and the variable names of Speed and RPM are printed on the first and second rows respectively. As we did before, the OBD-II board is then reset.
The main loop of the code simply sets the cursor locations, clears out any old data on the LCD screen, receives the data from the OBD-II board, tranlates it to an integer and prints the vehicle speed and RPM to the screen.
The final section of code simply defines the functions to communicate with the OBD-II board. This saves any incoming characters to the serial buffer until a carriage return is received.The buffer index is set to 0 and the board then waits for the next string to come in.
Resources and Going Further
Now that you've gotten the basics down for communicating with the OBD-II UART board, try modifying the example sketch to work with parameter IDs that are supported on your particular vehicle.
Software
You can also work with some free software available online, that prints the data out into cool graphs and meters for you without any programming required, other than using a serial port. Check out a current list of freeware for OBD boards below.
Now that you've successfully got your OBD II UART up and running, it's time to incorporate it into your own project!
For more information, check out the resources below:
- Datasheet
Or check out these videos from According to Pete's explanation of CAN BUS and OBD-II:
Need some inspiration for your next project? Check out some of these related tutorials:
CAN-BUS Shield Hookup Guide
A basic introduction to working with the CAN-Bus shield.
Getting Started with OBD-II
A general guide to the OBD-II protocols used for communication in automotive and industrial applications.
AST-CAN485 Hookup Guide
The AST CAN485 is a miniature Arduino in the compact form factor of the ProMini. In addition to all the usual features it has on-board CAN and RS485 ports enabling quick and easy interfacing to a multitude of industrial devices.
OBDuino is an open source trip computer design based on the Arduino platform. An OBDuino may be assembled and customised by an electronics hobbyist; it displays information such as instantaneous fuel economy (e.g. miles per gallon, L/100 km or kilometres per litre), engine tuning parameters etc. on an LCD.
OBDuino utilises the On-Board Diagnostics interface found in most modern cars.
Toyota Obd1 Serial Interface Boards
Features[edit]
- Most OBD-II PIDs or derived values may be displayed. Common values include
- Fuel: cost, used or remaining, wasted while idling, consumption, measured in mpg or l/100 km
- Engine: load, RPM
- Temperatures: coolant, air intake
- Vehicle speed
- Tank distance
- Remaining distance that can be travelled on the current tank of fuel
- Throttle position
- Battery voltage
- CAN status, for CAN protocol only, display TX and RX error
- Displays instantaneous values, average, maximum and minimum values calculated per trip, per outing, or per tank of fuel
- Menu system for configuring parameters
- Relatively cheap compared to commercial alternatives
- Customisable and extendable
OBDuino does not display or reset engine fault codes (which are available over the OBD interface).
Design[edit]
The key components of the design are:
- A microcontroller. One of the various AVR-based Arduino kits is typically used for this, although one of several Atmel AVR microcontrollers may be used directly in a custom OBDuino circuit.
- An interface to the car's management system, using the On-Board Diagnostics (OBD) connector found in most modern cars. This requires a cable and a circuit.[1] There are several variations of this circuit depending on the particular OBD protocol implemented:
- ISO 9141/ISO 9141-2/ISO 14230, using Freescale MCZ33290EF
- CAN, using MCP2515 and MCP2551
- Generic (SAE J1850 PWM & VPW/ISO 9141/ISO 9141-2/ISO 14230/CAN protocols), using an ELM327 from ELM Electronics. Although this gives a more versatile trip computer compatible with most modern vehicles, the ELM327 chip adds significant cost to the circuit and requires a significant supporting circuit for different protocols. It removes the complexity of interpreting the various OBD protocols, or
- STN1110 which is software compatible with the ELM327. Unfortunately, this IC is not pin-compatible with the ELM327, therefore the circuit would require some changes.
- An LCD and three input buttons. A typical LCD is 2 rows x 16 characters or 4x20 character, based on the HD44780, with a circuit based on the mpguino circuit.[2]
- Microcontroller code. This is a C++ program based on the Arduino framework, called a Sketch in Arduino terminology. This is loaded on the microcontroller over a USB or serial interface using the free Arduino integrated development environment.
Many Arduino-based projects have either custom printed circuit boards available which include the AVR microcontroller (removing the need for an Arduino board), or extension boards that contain the extra circuit and that plug directly into the standard Arduino circuit board. No such PCBs are available for the OBDuino as of September 2009.
Project[edit]
The OBDuino project was started in 2008 based on the MPGuino project, with the desire to simplify wiring to the vehicle, instead of using the standard OBD-II socket that does not directly wire to the vehicle's fuel injection system and digital vehicle speed sensor, and to access the wide range of engine management data available using OBD.
The project is centred on the discussion forum[3] on ecomodder.com and the wiki and code hosting[4] provided by Google code, project is released under the GPL license.
The main OBDuino thread[3] on the eccomoder forum was started by jmonroe on 1 June 2008 as a fork of MPGuino discussions.
Magister posted an OBDuino announcement[5] to the Arduino forum on 4 December 2008.
As of September 2009, the OBDuino32K code credits these developers:
Main coding/ISO/ELM: Frédéric (aka Magister on ecomodder.com)
LCD part: Dave (aka dcb on ecomodder.com), optimized by Frédéric
ISO Communication Protocol: Russ, Antony, Mike
Features: Mike, Antony
Bugs & Fixes: Antony, Frédéric, Mike
LCD part: Dave (aka dcb on ecomodder.com), optimized by Frédéric
ISO Communication Protocol: Russ, Antony, Mike
Features: Mike, Antony
Bugs & Fixes: Antony, Frédéric, Mike
The 32K in the obduino32K name differentiates the code targeted at the Atmega328 with 32k flash memory (i.e. Arduino 2009) version from the Atmega168 16k (Arduino 2008) version.
Variations[edit]
- An OBDuino variant[6] is described in the book Practical Arduino (2009) by Jonathan Oxer and Hugh Blemings.[7] Based on the Arduino Mega, the OBDuino is extended to log GPS and OBD data to a USB stick.
- A Graphical OBD MPGuino[8] graphs values such as miles per gallon and OBD-II PIDs, etc., on a 128*64 pixel LCD.
- OBDuino author Magister is working on a commercial prototype with a CAN-only protocol.[9]
Related alternatives[edit]
- Scangauge[10] is a commercial trip computer using the OBD interface. In addition to the trip-computer-style features in OBDuino, the Scangauge also includes features for displaying and resetting engine fault codes.
- The mpguino[2] is another Arduino-based trip computer, and is mainly limited to fuel usage measurement. It may be used in any vehicle which has an electric fuel injection system and digital vehicle speed sensor. The mpguino links directly to these sensors so it doesn't require an OBD2 interface. It can report instant and tank MPG, remaining miles till the tank is empty etc. The mpguino is available in kit form from several suppliers.[11][12]
- The SuperMID[13] is an enthusiast/hobbyist trip computer, designed originally for the Toyota Prius, although it may be used in any vehicle which has an electric fuel injection system and digital vehicle speed sensor.[14] The SuperMID interfaces directly to the engine ECU or sensors, rather than using a standard OBDII connector.
- Bruce D. Lightner's entry[15] won[16] a 2004 Circuit Cellar design contest. Lightner's design uses an AVR microcontroller connected to an OBD-II interface to drive an analogue gauge displaying fuel consumption in mpg. This only implements the SAE J1850 VPW variant of the OBD-II protocol suite (so it only works with mostly GM cars that use VPW).
- An OBD II Car Computer design[17] is described by NerdKits using their AVR-based microcontroller kit. This implements the SAE J1850 VPW variant of the OBD-II protocol suite (so it only works with certain cars that use VPW) and displays RPMs, Coolant Temperature, Vehicle Speed and Percent Throttle on an LCD. This is partly derived from Bruce D. Lightner's design.
- OBD2-LCD is an AVR based OBD-II trip computer, designed by Florian Schäffer. It implements the ISO 9141 and ISO 14230 (KW 2000) OBD-II variants, with design and code published[18] and available in kit form. The new kit[19] supports CAN (ISO 15765) too.
See also[edit]
- ELM327 very common chip used in OBD interfaces
References[edit]
- ^'OBDuinoInterface - opengauge - OBDuino OBD2 cable and Interfaces - Open Source Fuel Efficiency Instrumentation - Google Project Hosting'. Code.google.com. Retrieved 2013-05-04.
- ^ ab'MPGuino'. EcoModder. Retrieved 2013-05-04.
- ^ ab'OBD MPGuino gauge - Fuel Economy, Hypermiling, EcoModding News and Forum'. EcoModder.com. Retrieved 2013-05-04.
- ^'code project'. Code.google.com. Retrieved 2013-05-04.
- ^'OBDuino, onboard diagnostic for your car - Arduino Forum'. Arduino.cc. Retrieved 2013-05-04.
- ^'OBDuino Mega - Fuel Economy, Hypermiling, EcoModding News and Forum'. EcoModder.com. Retrieved 2013-05-04.
- ^Oxer, Jonathan; Blemings, Hugh (2009). 'Chapter 15: Vehicle Telemetry Platform'. Practical Arduino: Cool Projects for Open Source Hardware. Apress. pp. 295–382.
- ^'Graphical OBD MPGuino - Arduino Forum'. Arduino.cc. Retrieved 2013-05-04.
- ^'OBDuino - Monitor your fuel consumption and retrieve OBD2 data and trouble codes'. Obduino.ca. Retrieved 2013-05-04.
- ^'Trip Computer + Digitial Gauges + ScanTools'. ScanGauge. Retrieved 2013-05-04.
- ^'MPGuino'. Spiffie.org. Archived from the original on 2012-10-06. Retrieved 2013-05-03.
- ^'MPGuino'. Fundamentallogic.com. Archived from the original on 2012-02-27. Retrieved 2013-05-03.
- ^'SuperMID M-1' (in Japanese). PriusDIY. November 13, 2005. Retrieved 2013-05-03. (English tr.)
- ^Yoshi (June 1, 2007). 'Fuel Efficiency Forum - Fuel Economy Gauge?'. Gas Savers. Retrieved 2013-05-04.
- ^Lightner, Bruce D. (June 30, 2004). 'AVR 2004 Design Contest - Entry A3805'(PDF). Circuit Cellar. Retrieved 2013-05-03.
- ^Lightner, Bruce D. (2005). 'A Fuel-Consumption Gauge for Your GM Car'(PDF). Circuit Cellar.
- ^'OBDii for KPW protocol'. Nerdkits.com
- ^'OBD2-LCD'. Blafusel.de. Retrieved 2013-05-04.
- ^'OBD2-LCD D'. Blafusel.de. Retrieved 2013-05-04.
External links[edit]
- STN1110 emulates ELM327
- Atmel AT90CAN microcontroller like ATmega328 with CAN support
- OBD II ScanTool, Linux-based open source
- OBD interface chips from ELM Electronics
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